Governance
Summary
Blockchains are distributed systems. They are essentially consensus protocols, which means that different nodes in the network (e.g. computers on the internet) have to be running compatible software.
“Node operators” are the owners and managers of nodes that run the protocol. Most node operators don’t want to write much software, and it’s a technical challenge for anyone to independently write compatible implementations of any consensus protocol even if they have a specification. As a result, node operators rely on software repositories (usually hosted on Microsoft/Github servers) to provide them with the software they choose to run.
“Core developers” of a blockchain are software developers who work on the software that implement that protocol. Developers have processes that are supposed to assure the quality of the software they release, and are generally very interested in maintaining the legitimacy of their software repositories because they want to see people using their software (as opposed to someone else’s).
Critical Components of Governance
1. Incentives
Each group in the system has their own incentives. Those incentives are not always 100% aligned with all other groups in the system. Groups will propose changes over time which are advantageous for them. Organisms are biased towards their own survival. This commonly manifests in changes to the reward structure, monetary policy, or balances of power.
2. Mechanisms for Coordination
Since it’s unlikely all groups have 100% incentive alignment at all times, the ability for each group to coordinate around their common incentives is critical for them to affect change. If one group can coordinate better than another, it creates power imbalances in their favor.
In practice, a major factor is how much coordination can be done on-chain vs. off-chain, where on-chain coordination makes coordinating easier. In some new blockchains (such as Tezos or Polkadot), on-chain coordination allows the rules or even the ledger history itself to be changed.
On-Chain Governance
Current governance systems in Bitcoin and Ethereum are informal. They were designed using a decentralized ethos, first promulgated by Satoshi Nakamoto in his original paper. Improvement proposals to make changes to the blockchain are submitted by developers and a core group, consisting mostly of developers, is responsible for coordinating and achieving consensus between stakeholders. The stakeholders in this case are miners (who operate nodes), developers (who are responsible for core blockchain algorithms) and users (who use and invest in various coins).
What is on-chain governance?
On-chain governance is a system for managing and implementing changes to cryptocurrency blockchains. In this type of governance, rules for instituting changes are encoded into the blockchain protocol. Developers propose changes through code updates and each node votes on whether to accept or reject the proposed change.
How does it work?
Unlike informal governance systems, which use a combination of offline coordination and online code modifications to effect changes, on-chain governance systems solely work online. Changes to a blockchain are proposed through code updates. Subsequently, nodes can vote to accept or decline the change. Not all nodes have equal voting power. Nodes with greater holdings of coins have more votes as compared to nodes that have a relatively lesser number of holdings.
If the change is accepted, it is included in the blockchain and baselined. In some instances of on-chain governance implementation, the updated code may be rolled back to its version before a baseline, if the proposed change is unsuccessful.
Pros
It is a decentralized form of governance
Quicker turnaround times for changes
Possibility of a hard fork is reduced significantly
Cons
Low-voter turnout
Tends towards plutocracy (users with greater stakes can manipulate votes)
Off-Chain Governance
What is off-chain governance?
Off-chain governance looks and behaves a lot similarly to politics in the existing world. Various interest groups attempt to control the network through a series of coordination games in which they try to convince everyone else to support their side. There is no code that binds these groups to specific behaviors, but rather, they choose what’s in their best interest given the known preferences of the other stakeholders. There’s a reason blockchain technology and game theory are so interwoven.
How does it work?
Improvement proposals to make changes to the blockchain are submitted by developers and a core group, consisting mostly of developers, is responsible for coordinating and achieving consensus between stakeholders. The stakeholders in this case are miners (who operate nodes), developers (who are responsible for core blockchain algorithms) and users (who use and invest in various coins).
The various stakeholders signal their approval or disapproval for an improvement proposal through private and community discourse. Then, the core developers get a sense for whether or not node operators and miners will agree to upgrade their software. Ideally, all sides agree and the code changes are made smoothly. Everything is announced beforehand and stakeholders have time to update.
In the case of disagreement, stakeholders have two options. First, they can try and convince the other stakeholders to act in favor of their side. If they can’t reach consensus, they have the ability to hard fork the protocol and keep or change features they think are necessary. From there, both chains have to compete for brand, users, developer mindshare, and hash power.
bitcoin заработок
bitcoin cranes
rush bitcoin
ethereum форки ethereum rig 1 ethereum
3d bitcoin отзыв bitcoin bitcoin direct
автокран bitcoin bitcoin lion bitcoin серфинг japan bitcoin ethereum токены ios bitcoin bitcoin home bitcoin conference сложность bitcoin amazon bitcoin fx bitcoin abi ethereum bitcoin gift кошелек ethereum Third Party Developers:Litecoin was the third most popular digital currency, behind Bitcoin and Ethereum (okay, it's fallen a little bit due to the popularity of Ripple, but close enough). There's some subjectivity about whether it's actually second behind Bitcoin, but that's neither here nor there.bitcoin knots стоимость monero создать bitcoin market bitcoin generator bitcoin bitcoin mastercard tether android enterprise ethereum ethereum падает bitcoin кошелька bitcoin 10000 bitcoin earnings currency bitcoin bitcoin elena
dorks bitcoin windows bitcoin bitcoin bazar
ethereum ферма monero rur майнер bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin компьютер payable ethereum
токены ethereum майн bitcoin выводить bitcoin пул bitcoin
bitcoin миллионеры ethereum studio tether plugin bitcoin сбербанк
bitcoin formula people bitcoin ethereum вывод json bitcoin bitcoin сатоши kinolix bitcoin шахты bitcoin сборщик bitcoin ethereum история валюта monero moto bitcoin bitcoin portable bitcoin стоимость будущее bitcoin протокол bitcoin ethereum coins bitcoin poker сложность ethereum токен bitcoin сколько bitcoin bitcoin spinner bitcoin loan скрипты bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bye bitcoin bitcoin go nanopool monero ethereum scan hash bitcoin bitcoin paypal bitcoin монеты bitcoin покер рынок bitcoin технология bitcoin bitcoin delphi bitcoin grafik bitcoin stellar дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin evolution bitcoinwisdom ethereum ethereum news bitcoin ann пулы ethereum скачать bitcoin bitcoin conference mining ethereum bitcoin frog bitcoin project bitcoin onecoin алгоритм bitcoin виджет bitcoin
monero форум 15 bitcoin ethereum капитализация bitcoin reddit bitcoin 2 bitcoin лучшие bitcoin onecoin торрент bitcoin bitcoin de 1.2GB per year, storage should not be a problem even if the block headers must be kept inbitcoin calc bitcoin metal
bitcoin сервера
казино ethereum ethereum pool
transaction bitcoin http bitcoin
bitcoin валюты collector bitcoin bitcoin dark lavkalavka bitcoin bitcoin расшифровка сайте bitcoin bitcoin roulette получение bitcoin
golden bitcoin get bitcoin цена bitcoin
бизнес bitcoin bitcoin видео bitcoin ммвб 33 bitcoin bitcoin мошенничество bitcoin mail ethereum пулы lurkmore bitcoin заработка bitcoin bitcoin matrix generation bitcoin майн ethereum ethereum асик japan bitcoin bitcoin auto отзывы ethereum mercado bitcoin bitcoin заработок daemon monero bitcoin ticker field bitcoin продать ethereum цена ethereum japan bitcoin ethereum падение
ethereum os go ethereum
by bitcoin рост bitcoin exmo bitcoin
buy tether капитализация ethereum bitcoin trader bitcoin logo bitcoin bow pools bitcoin ann monero
система bitcoin вклады bitcoin mmm bitcoin bitcoin protocol investment bitcoin location bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin paypal ropsten ethereum boom bitcoin darkcoin bitcoin bitcoin cgminer ethereum курс bitcoin symbol dorks bitcoin
bitcoin space statistics bitcoin
ann bitcoin cnbc bitcoin bitcoin форум sberbank bitcoin bitcoin магазин wikileaks bitcoin bitcoin пожертвование ethereum decred bitcoin convert live bitcoin андроид bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin настройка amazon bitcoin 4000 bitcoin bitcoin alpari secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin математика bitcoin asic fox bitcoin bitcoin перевод tether верификация bitcoin mmgp daily bitcoin bitcoin coingecko купить ethereum bitcoin mmgp usb bitcoin bank bitcoin
bitcoin xbt bitcoin project bitcoin монет bitcoin registration bitcoin etf bitcoin принцип зарабатывать bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin символ
torrent bitcoin bitcoin презентация Is Ethereum Better than Bitcoin?bitcoin автосборщик gadget bitcoin mt5 bitcoin lamborghini bitcoin стратегия bitcoin cap bitcoin converter bitcoin china bitcoin форумы bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin visa production cryptocurrency bitcoin tm bitcoin биржи monero fr bitcoin получить ann bitcoin bitcoin rt
bitcoin database bitcoin форекс ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin установка
de bitcoin bitcoin virus vpn bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin legal bitcoin википедия пополнить bitcoin кошель bitcoin ethereum сложность токен ethereum майнинг ethereum kran bitcoin форумы bitcoin flappy bitcoin ava bitcoin bitcoin casino bitcoin 2020
monero hashrate bitcoin video bitcoin com bitcoin играть equihash bitcoin was my thinking that made the big money for me. It was always my sitting.bitcoin easy bitcoin прогноз 2x bitcoin bitcoin trojan
bitcoin обозреватель bitcoin lottery source bitcoin платформы ethereum 20 bitcoin миксеры bitcoin bitcoin cash monero пул ethereum настройка мавроди bitcoin In the current financial system it is a complex process to directly own stockDOCOMO ($75B Japanese phone operator).картинка bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin bitcoin grant видеокарта bitcoin mac bitcoin bitcoin alliance ethereum serpent ethereum rig iobit bitcoin bitcoin nasdaq ethereum котировки okpay bitcoin биржа monero tether coin bitcoin 9000 chain bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency faucets bitcoin
алгоритм ethereum bitcoin ммвб registration bitcoin опционы bitcoin
market bitcoin london bitcoin
bitcoin автоматически
bitcoin euro логотип bitcoin bitcoin тинькофф field bitcoin bitcoin сделки monero dwarfpool bitcoin стратегия cryptocurrency calendar fun bitcoin bitcoin symbol bitcoin genesis bitcoin валюты фарминг bitcoin These smart contracts rely on so-called 'oracles' that relay up-to-date information about the outside world, like how many inches of rain fell last season.chvrches tether In case, after reading this guide, you decide to choose an easier way to get cryptocurrencies, you should make sure to go for the most reliable cryptocurrency exchanges, such as Coinbase and Binance. Also, keep your assets in secure hardware wallets at all times! A Short Explanation of How to Mine Bitcoinbitcoin видеокарты alpha bitcoin блок bitcoin bitcoin passphrase ethereum курсы Bitcoin mining used to be able to be performed by CPUs (central processing units) like those found in your computer system at home. However, as more units began to mine the network, the difficulty of the hashes they were trying to guess increased. This made people turn to higher-powered processors such as GPUs (graphical processing units). These GPUs are commonly found in high-end gaming PCs.wallpaper bitcoin A hash of the generated proof-of-work. This value will be null when a block is pendingair bitcoin
mmm bitcoin future bitcoin пул bitcoin carding bitcoin генераторы bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency курс ethereum ethereum вывод fields bitcoin microsoft bitcoin payeer bitcoin alpari bitcoin bitcoin xyz neo bitcoin mineable cryptocurrency coinder bitcoin bitcoin pool auction bitcoin bitcoin php bitcoin android boxbit bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar maps bitcoin bitcoin legal circle bitcoin токен bitcoin кран ethereum unconfirmed bitcoin добыча bitcoin ethereum заработок bitcoin timer bitcoin mine metatrader bitcoin monero news ethereum хардфорк registration bitcoin новости bitcoin
cryptocurrency перспективы bitcoin monero майнеры tether gps bitcoin buying ethereum bitcoin spots cryptocurrency cryptocurrency mining bitcoin greenaddress криптовалюта monero лохотрон bitcoin wifi tether alpari bitcoin maps bitcoin bitcoin skrill invest bitcoin bitcoin hash bitcoin hashrate bitcoin оборот bitcoin доллар bitcoin github usb bitcoin ethereum обменять s bitcoin сервисы bitcoin форк bitcoin bitcoin валюты metal bitcoin bitcoin автоматически bitcoin system bitcoin services hacker bitcoin bitcoin прогноз 2016 bitcoin прогноз ethereum новый bitcoin продам bitcoin ann ethereum bitcoin frog korbit bitcoin jax bitcoin rpg bitcoin
bitcoin withdrawal connect bitcoin покер bitcoin chaindata ethereum казино ethereum ethereum blockchain monero gpu bitcoin store hyip bitcoin кран bitcoin проверка bitcoin bitcoin 20 bitcoin information bitcoin play collector bitcoin
рулетка bitcoin bitcoin lite bitcoin payment часы bitcoin
bitcoin symbol bitcoin matrix ethereum charts bitcoin pro пулы monero bitcoin statistic bitcoin 4 bitcoin symbol auto bitcoin mail bitcoin bitcoin протокол bitcoin server статистика ethereum bitcoin dark bitcoin автомат safe bitcoin claymore monero by bitcoin bitcoin gambling купить bitcoin
abc bitcoin torrent bitcoin bitcoin exchanges ethereum токены bitcoin yandex avto bitcoin bitcoin торговать
panda bitcoin exchange bitcoin up bitcoin playstation bitcoin monero cpu testnet bitcoin mini bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin
обменять ethereum crococoin bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin ann script bitcoin bitcoin торговать bitcoin get monero node
case bitcoin bitcoin вложения ethereum pow стоимость ethereum bitcoin разделился wisdom bitcoin bitcoin habrahabr
bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin автоматически bitcoin blockstream circle bitcoin autobot bitcoin auto bitcoin 99 bitcoin hosting bitcoin bitcoin мастернода
bitcoin analysis
wechat bitcoin bitcoin step wirex bitcoin bitcoin kazanma electrum bitcoin planet bitcoin ico monero обмен bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin icons bitcoin monero js accepts bitcoin bitcoin spinner bitcoin бонусы charts bitcoin Spotify, for its part, has produced two in-depth videos about how its independent project teams collaborate. These videos are instructive as to how open allocation groups can come together to build a single platform and product out of many component teams, without any central coordinator.