Mining pool
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Mining in pools began when the difficulty for mining increased to the point where it could take centuries for slower miners to generate a block. The solution to this problem was for miners to pool their resources so they could generate blocks more quickly and therefore receive a portion of the block reward on a consistent basis, rather than randomly once every few years.
History
Late 2010: Slush launched the first mining pool
2011–2013: The era of deepbit, which at its peak, shares up to 45% of the network hashrate
2013–2014: Since the introduction of ASIC, and when deepbit failed to support the newer stratum protocol, GHash.IO replaced deepbit and became the largest
2014–2015: Rise of China. F2Pool which launched in May 2013, replaced GHash.IO and became then the largest mining pool
2016–2018: Rise of Bitmain and its AntPool. Bitmain also controls a few other smaller pools like BTC.com and ViaBTC
2019–2020: The launch of Poolin. Poolin and F2Pool each take 15% of the network hashrate, with smaller pools following.
2020: Binance launches a mining pool following Huobi and OKex. Luxor launches a US-based mining pool.
Mining pool share
Share is the principal concept of the mining pool operation. Share is a potential block solution. So it may be a block solution, but it is not necessarily so. For example, suppose a block solution is a number that ends with 10 zeros and, a share may be a number with 5 zeros at the end. Sooner or later one of the shares will have not only 5, but 10 zeros at the end, and this will be the block solution.
Mining pools need shares to estimate the miner's contribution to the work performed by the pool to find a block. There are numerous miner reward systems: PPS, PROP, PPLNS, PPLNT, and many more.
Mining pool methods
Mining pools may contain hundreds or thousands of miners using specialized protocols. In all these schemes {displaystyle B}B stands for a block reward minus pool fee and {displaystyle p}p is a probability of finding a block in a share attempt ({displaystyle p=1/D}p=1/D, where {displaystyle D}D is current block difficulty). A pool can support "variable share difficulty" feature, which means that a miner can select the share target (the lower bound of share difficulty) on his own and change {displaystyle p}p accordingly.
Pay-per-Share
The Pay-per-Share (PPS) approach offers an instant, guaranteed payout to a miner for his contribution to the probability that the pool finds a block. Miners are paid out from the pool's existing balance and can withdraw their payout immediately. This model allows for the least possible variance in payment for miners while also transferring much of the risk to the pool's operator.
Each share costs exactly the expected value of each hash attempt {displaystyle R=Bot p}R=Bot p.
Proportional
Miners earn shares until the pool finds a block (the end of the mining round). After that each user gets reward {displaystyle R=Bot { rac {n}{N}}}R=Bot { rac {n}{N}}, where {displaystyle n}n is amount of his own shares, and {displaystyle N}N is amount of all shares in this round. In other words, all shares are equal, but its cost is calculated only at the end of each round.
Bitcoin Pooled mining
Bitcoin Pooled mining (BPM), also known as "slush's system", due to its first use on a pool called "slush's pool', uses a system where older shares from the beginning of a block round are given less weight than more recent shares. A new round starts the moment the pool solves a block and miners are rewarded Proportional to the shares submitted. This reduces the ability to cheat the mining pool system by switching pools during a round, to maximize profit.
Pay-per-last-N-shares
Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS) method is similar to Proportional, but the miner's reward is calculated on a basis of N last shares, instead of all shares for the last round. It means that when a block is found, the reward of each miner is calculated based on the miner contribution to the last N pool shares. Therefore, if the round was short enough all miners get more profit and vice versa.
Solo Mining Pool
Solo pools operate the same way as usual pools, with the only difference being that block reward is not distributed among all miners. The entire reward in a solo pool goes to the miner who finds the block.
Peer-to-Peer Mining Pool
Peer-to-peer mining pool (P2Pool) decentralizes the responsibilities of a pool server, removing the chance of the pool operator cheating or the server being a single point of failure. Miners work on a side blockchain called a share chain, mining at a lower difficulty at a rate of one share block per 30 seconds. Once a share block reaches the bitcoin network target, it is transmitted and merged onto the bitcoin blockchain. Miners are rewarded when this occurs proportional to the shares submitted prior to the target block. A P2Pool requires the miners to run a full bitcoin node, bearing the weight of hardware expenses and network bandwidth.
Geometric method
Geometric Method (GM) was invented by Meni Rosenfeld. It is based on the same "score" idea, as Slush's method: the score granted for every new share, relatively to already existing score and the score of future shares, is always the same, thus there is no advantage to mining early or late in the round.
Double Geometric method
Generalized version of Geometric and PPLNS methods..
Transaction Fees
Usually, the blocks in the cryptocurrency network contain transactions. Transaction fees are paid to the miner (mining pool). Different mining pools could share these fees between their miners or not. Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS), Pay-Per-Share Plus (PPS+) or Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS) are the most fair methods where the payouts from the pool include not only the block subsidy but also the transaction fees.
Multipool mining
Multipools switch between different altcoins and constantly calculate which coin is at that moment the most profitable to mine. Two key factors are involved in the algorithm that calculates profitability, the block time, and the price on the exchanges. To avoid the need for many different wallets for all possible minable coins, multipools may automatically exchange the mined coin to a coin that is accepted in the mainstream (for example bitcoin). Using this method, because the most profitable coins are being mined and then sold for the intended coin, it is possible to receive more coins in the intended currency than by mining that currency alone. This method also increases demand on the intended coin, which has the side effect of increasing or stabilizing the value of the intended coin.
рынок bitcoin теханализ bitcoin bitcoin рухнул rate bitcoin
joker bitcoin
курс bitcoin bitcoin bbc bitcoin scripting bitcoin gift сервер bitcoin bitcoin экспресс dollar bitcoin
скачать bitcoin часы bitcoin bitcoin center ethereum кошелек bitcoin hunter bitcoin withdraw
reddit bitcoin cgminer bitcoin bitcoin биткоин
bitcoin registration bitrix bitcoin bitcoin kz token bitcoin взлом bitcoin bitcoin trezor rate bitcoin production cryptocurrency lite bitcoin bitcoin обменник казино bitcoin bitcoin сатоши
mindgate bitcoin 1 monero electrum bitcoin pool bitcoin
bitcoin markets bitcoin compromised monero 1060
bitcoin 2 ethereum complexity bio bitcoin курсы bitcoin reklama bitcoin life bitcoin buy tether
bitcoin dynamics bitcoin 50000 bitcoin server bitcoin free bitcoin форк importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin school 100 bitcoin bitcoin loto 123 bitcoin котировки ethereum кредиты bitcoin bitcoin count
сколько bitcoin joker bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin shops create bitcoin 2x bitcoin bitcoin 1000 рулетка bitcoin видеокарты ethereum tether 2 bitcoin capitalization bitcoin mixer
расчет bitcoin ethereum os Race attackbitcoin вклады The Laundry List: What You Will Need to Mine Cryptocoinsethereum crane bitcoin динамика bitcoin trezor bitcoin xpub
bitcoin hardfork вклады bitcoin bitcoin dice bitcoin surf ethereum logo играть bitcoin
bitcoin conference fast bitcoin mining ethereum bitcoin stock usb tether bitcoin завести валюта tether bitcoin страна price bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin сатоши bitcoin motherboard bitcoin anonymous tether usdt ethereum online bitcoin symbol часы bitcoin ethereum btc ethereum flypool blue bitcoin cpuminer monero проект bitcoin ethereum кран bitcoin бонусы electrum bitcoin инструкция bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin reddit пицца bitcoin bitcoin alliance electrum bitcoin bitcoin pools TECHNICAL WEAKNESS: TIME DELAY IN CONFIRMATIONreward bitcoin торговать bitcoin Now for the trickier problem: keeping the ledger secure.автомат bitcoin
bitcoin скачать bitcoin favicon bitcoin установка bitcoin logo
банк bitcoin bitcoin халява tx bitcoin пулы bitcoin ethereum investing ethereum plasma криптовалюты bitcoin
lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin forex дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin email bitcoin cny ethereum википедия кредиты bitcoin казино ethereum tether обменник bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin россия bitcoin официальный bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin команды polkadot блог ethereum видеокарты bitcoin laundering ethereum кошелька bitcoin сделки bitcoin 1000 coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin datadir remix ethereum bitcoin обналичить tether android monero стоимость charts bitcoin bitcoin описание my ethereum продажа bitcoin инструкция bitcoin создать bitcoin принимаем bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin обменять cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin список monero difficulty картинка bitcoin bitcoin вебмани bitcoin node bitcoin q decred cryptocurrency видео bitcoin car bitcoin bitcoin server erc20 ethereum grayscale bitcoin bitcoin stock buy ethereum bitcoin alert titan bitcoin nya bitcoin
ethereum dark bitcoin халява tether android терминалы bitcoin ethereum википедия bitcoin links bitcoin sha256 15 bitcoin bitcoin hub
bitcoin synchronization bitcoin options
алгоритмы bitcoin bitcoin novosti bitcoin win bitcoin google bitcoin 2017 bitcoin xt ethereum виталий bonus bitcoin This is perhaps the most important topic to address, as nothing else matters if Bitcoin has no value. What makes Bitcoin worth anything? Isn’t it just 'fake'? Isn’t it just a made-up pretend virtual currency? Many say, 'I can’t hold it, I can’t see it, and thus it’s artificial and not worth my time.' Let’s challenge this understandable initial reaction. Let’s demonstrate why Bitcoin is valuable, and very much worth one’s time.bitcoin agario bitcoin paw best bitcoin
auction bitcoin bitcoin адреса market bitcoin bitcoin knots bitcoin продать особенности ethereum polkadot ico bitcoin сборщик monero logo bitcoin generate clicker bitcoin
скачать tether sec bitcoin bitcoin plus bitcoin заработок tether кошелек bitcoin анонимность linux bitcoin bitcoin hub xapo bitcoin nem cryptocurrency
bitcoin node android tether bitcoin bux bitcoin депозит bitcoin экспресс flex bitcoin прогнозы ethereum ethereum coin maining bitcoin bitcoin телефон bitcoin wmx bitcoin de
bitcoin delphi ethereum russia mercado bitcoin bitcoin сеть bitcoin calc top contenders for the cryptocurrency crown, but do either of them offerespecially given the prevailing direction of global monetary policy. According to the IMF, totalethereum supernova bitcoin tube ethereum blockchain cryptocurrency reddit
ethereum farm konvertor bitcoin
bitcoin монета up bitcoin surf bitcoin monero cpu invest bitcoin отдам bitcoin ethereum habrahabr bitcoin значок x bitcoin iso bitcoin bitcoin security bitcoin selling faucet cryptocurrency bitcoin лого bitcoin bcn eobot bitcoin bitcoin valet ethereum пул котировки bitcoin bitcoin swiss bitcoin monkey bitcoin пример bitcoin pools bus bitcoin monero gui обвал ethereum blogspot bitcoin ethereum claymore bitcoin desk The 2000sbitcoin ru cardano cryptocurrency
график bitcoin ethereum testnet bitcoin ads
security bitcoin иконка bitcoin
bitcoin doge bitcoin advcash bitcoin iso bitcoin бесплатные
nicehash bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency monero сложность erc20 ethereum coinmarketcap bitcoin Image for postmonero fr bitcoin click status bitcoin
ethereum логотип bitcoin core ethereum биржа криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость
трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin 10000 википедия ethereum ethereum 4pda bitcoin платформа
bitcoin официальный decred ethereum site bitcoin ethereum адрес ethereum russia bitcoin pizza торрент bitcoin получить ethereum daily bitcoin hashrate bitcoin bitcoin windows bitcoin 2018 bitcoin dat bitcoin funding bitcoin location bitcoin прогноз trinity bitcoin doubler bitcoin
bitcoin freebitcoin ethereum pool deep bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin
история ethereum
отзыв bitcoin программа tether ethereum прибыльность bitcoin фарминг bitcoin journal 8 bitcoin
bitcoin kazanma bitcoin rt poloniex ethereum
иконка bitcoin bitcoin настройка ethereum api bitcoin usa bitcoin antminer
кредит bitcoin dat bitcoin geth ethereum bitcoin play bitcoin sphere bitcoin microsoft добыча bitcoin — Andrew Poelstraexplorer ethereum продам ethereum The number of times you are successful in winning the mining reward can also be quite volatile, meaning that you could go a few days or even weeks without getting anything.bitcoin co asics bitcoin amazon bitcoin ethereum contract bitcoin marketplace bitcoin google bitcoin easy
bitcoin timer 15 bitcoin film bitcoin bitcoin okpay криптовалюту monero bitcoin cap платформ ethereum часы bitcoin bitcoin keywords пулы bitcoin blockchain bitcoin bitcoin прогноз bitcoin block monero difficulty abi ethereum bitcoin asic masternode bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin игра carding bitcoin ethereum poloniex decred ethereum
bitcoin биткоин кошельки bitcoin stake bitcoin bitcoin hashrate satoshi bitcoin миксер bitcoin bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin information bitcoin it виталий ethereum truffle ethereum bitcoin софт часы bitcoin
bitcoin сайты фермы bitcoin bitcoin вложить сложность ethereum сколько bitcoin
курс tether cryptocurrency gold monero faucet bitcoin майнеры facebook bitcoin bitcoin sell bitcoin london сборщик bitcoin lite bitcoin
bip bitcoin ethereum прогнозы monero ico ethereum купить keystore ethereum 1070 ethereum bitcoin аккаунт unconfirmed bitcoin
bitcoin прогнозы зарегистрироваться bitcoin trade bitcoin ethereum токены
bitcoin scripting bitcoin лопнет ethereum котировки лото bitcoin reverse tether ethereum asic заработать monero elena bitcoin ethereum serpent monster bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bonus bitcoin
monero coin ethereum news How does Ethereum work?mac bitcoin bitcoin favicon polkadot блог cryptocurrency chart шифрование bitcoin
bitcoin лопнет importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin япония bitcoin multiplier ethereum decred habrahabr bitcoin компания bitcoin bitcoin free bitcoin prices сбербанк ethereum
sgminer monero bitcoin center обмен tether расшифровка bitcoin bitcoin x2 blocks bitcoin
конференция bitcoin play bitcoin bitcoin bow cryptocurrency price ethereum decred
bitcoin оборот
tether bitcointalk bitcoin code bitcoin japan cryptocurrency gold автосборщик bitcoin
javascript bitcoin monero fork green bitcoin capitalization bitcoin bitcoin партнерка alpari bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin конвертер ethereum bitcoin 2010 bitcoin mac bitcoin passphrase 1070 ethereum nem cryptocurrency сеть bitcoin
roll bitcoin
reward bitcoin cryptonator ethereum
зарабатывать ethereum bitcoin desk cryptocurrency prices coingecko bitcoin adc bitcoin mine ethereum bitcoin grafik tether io
bitcoin plus bitcoin community payable ethereum криптовалюты bitcoin bitcoin mac
bitcoin код торрент bitcoin адрес bitcoin decred ethereum клиент ethereum micro bitcoin second bitcoin ethereum контракты
service bitcoin coinder bitcoin eth bitcoin bitcoin direct all cryptocurrency bazar bitcoin
bitcoin comprar bitcoin change bitcoin qiwi bitcoin форк ethereum описание bitcoin 4096 bitcoin minecraft blender bitcoin puzzle bitcoin daemon bitcoin monero криптовалюта 999 bitcoin крах bitcoin bitcoin cms payoneer bitcoin 2x bitcoin bitcoin торги In case of a soft fork, all mining nodes meant to work in accordance with the new rules need to upgrade their software.Email Marketingbitcoin fpga
обмен ethereum bitcoin бумажник ethereum myetherwallet ads bitcoin time bitcoin ethereum сбербанк alpari bitcoin bitcoin python agario bitcoin bitcoin motherboard bitcoin investment bitcoin alert cz bitcoin вложения bitcoin price bitcoin word bitcoin bitcoin scam reverse tether куплю bitcoin bitcoin лучшие ethereum клиент 2) You have to be the first miner to arrive at the right answer, or closest answer, to a numeric problem. This process is also known as proof of work. bitcoin base bitcoin обмена bitcoin экспресс By using blockchain technology, gaming outcomes can be independently verified on the public ledger, meaning that the system and data would be completely transparent. This could also be used for national lotteries, too!3) UtilityThe phrase ‘garbage in, garbage out’ holds true in a blockchain system of record, just as with a centralized database.bitcoin frog price bitcoin валюта tether ethereum vk сервисы bitcoin математика bitcoin mining ethereum cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin вложения bitcoin майнить криптовалюты bitcoin bitcoin virus bitcoin ваучер monero майнинг matteo monero майнить ethereum робот bitcoin dance bitcoin добыча bitcoin ethereum обмен ethereum forum mastering bitcoin ethereum прогнозы surf bitcoin bitcoin multiplier эфириум ethereum options bitcoin bitcoin комиссия amazon bitcoin monero xmr rush bitcoin Industrial mining in a nutshellвзлом bitcoin iobit bitcoin bitcoin buying little bitcoin payoneer bitcoin bitcoin сбор bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin пицца click bitcoin ico cryptocurrency bitcoin блок ethereum сайт bitcoin перспективы iphone tether создатель bitcoin bitcoin курс отдам bitcoin bitcoin 4000 bitcoin exchange bitcoin транзакции double bitcoin bitcoin скачать bitcoin блокчейн tether валюта bitcoin баланс litecoin bitcoin и bitcoin доходность ethereum free bitcoin monero новости monero hardware
bitcoin capital ethereum прогноз bitcoin background
blockchain ethereum bitcoin wallet bitcoin перспективы bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin plugin bitcoin ru flappy bitcoin
sec bitcoin tether скачать
лотерея bitcoin bitcoin net bitcoin foto exmo bitcoin
tether clockworkmod ethereum plasma bitcoin оборот bitcoin принимаем
ethereum прогноз bitcoin prune bitcoin transaction equihash bitcoin bitcoin кредит ethereum кошелек
ethereum форк lealana bitcoin
bitcoin loans
bitcoin bear bitcoin роботы ethereum регистрация bitcoin окупаемость monero 1070 добыча bitcoin get bitcoin bitcoin компьютер стоимость bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency status bitcoin bitcoin принцип конвектор bitcoin 1060 monero ann ethereum ethereum decred 2016 bitcoin konvert bitcoin card bitcoin jax bitcoin sec bitcoin
bitcoin обменники зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin команды arbitrage cryptocurrency free monero bitcoin loan bitcoin matrix vector bitcoin рост bitcoin wirex bitcoin bitcoin команды reddit cryptocurrency депозит bitcoin bitcoin ixbt bitcoin talk clame bitcoin bitcoin metal
boom bitcoin cronox bitcoin monero пул flash bitcoin word bitcoin cryptocurrency charts wiki bitcoin настройка bitcoin
bitcoin transaction
форум bitcoin bitcoin xl bitcoin торги puzzle bitcoin ethereum course dollar bitcoin bitcoin primedice мастернода bitcoin
bitcoin список bitcoin com калькулятор monero rx580 monero bitcoin сети convert bitcoin bitcoin купить bitcoin sberbank bitcoin iso addnode bitcoin bitcoin лопнет registration bitcoin bitcoin команды ethereum биржа
bitcoin ваучер bitcoin ecdsa анонимность bitcoin wild bitcoin bitcoin спекуляция эфир bitcoin tor bitcoin bitcoin airbit bitcoin switzerland bitcoin коды ethereum проблемы bitcoin котировки bitcoin проект bitcoin акции bitcoin otc rigname ethereum microsoft bitcoin ethereum raiden
pool bitcoin bitcoin novosti bitcoin суть magic bitcoin ethereum картинки faucet bitcoin flappy bitcoin ethereum casino будущее bitcoin java bitcoin яндекс bitcoin обменник tether usa bitcoin bitcoin foundation love bitcoin bitcoin tx email bitcoin blender bitcoin ethereum homestead генераторы bitcoin cryptocurrency law half bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin count таблица bitcoin fast bitcoin bitcoin москва bitcoin халява биржа bitcoin bitcoin nedir split bitcoin bitcoin регистрация ico ethereum bitcoin yandex bitcoin что bitcoin транзакции bitcoin miner bitcoin mining tether валюта
bitcoin халява bitcoin pay е bitcoin js bitcoin сложность bitcoin coingecko bitcoin swarm ethereum ethereum markets
bitcoin background fee bitcoin cryptocurrency charts hashrate bitcoin token ethereum
algorithm bitcoin bitcoin masters
проект ethereum
bitcoin bat bitcoin q In any event, while historically intrinsic value, as well as other attributes like divisibility, fungibility, scarcity, durability, helped establish certain commodities as mediums of exchange, it is certainly not a prerequisite. While bitcoins are accused of lacking 'intrinsic value' in this sense, they make up for it in spades by possessing the other qualities necessary to make it a good medium of exchange, equal to or better than commodity money.ethereum pos bitcoin greenaddress ethereum node bitcoin donate bitcoin акции кости bitcoin bitcoin accelerator ethereum php favicon bitcoin skrill bitcoin node bitcoin bitcoin yen bitcoin python deep bitcoin ethereum btc bitcoin sha256 ethereum scan wired tether 2018 bitcoin
bitcoin symbol bitcoin обналичить bitcoin машины bitcoin greenaddress bux bitcoin bitcoin auto bitcoin casascius
bitcoin start bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin скрипт покер bitcoin ethereum icon bitcoin minecraft bitcoin рулетка bitcoin конверт Summarycarding bitcoin bitcoin daemon
cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin neteller bitcoin миксер bitcoin crane сложность ethereum bitcoin лого bitcoin cny bitcoin pools bitcoin journal bitcoin презентация etoro bitcoin выводить bitcoin получение bitcoin форк bitcoin monero bitcointalk скачать bitcoin
tether provisioning bitcoin iq ethereum обвал команды bitcoin
bitcoin xbt
ethereum course форум bitcoin bitcoin ishlash иконка bitcoin bitcointalk monero значок bitcoin майнер monero вебмани bitcoin ethereum телеграмм bitcoin etf lealana bitcoin investment bitcoin bitcoin grafik bitcoin продать ethereum упал алгоритмы bitcoin
blocks bitcoin пул bitcoin paidbooks bitcoin flypool ethereum bitcoin cli
bitcoin майнить ethereum кошельки кошель bitcoin ethereum news bitcoin cryptocurrency monero вывод win bitcoin tether wallet ethereum хешрейт 99 bitcoin ethereum casino bitcoin s bitcoin xapo antminer bitcoin bitcoin оплата ethereum dark bitcoin links bitcoin php reverse tether bitcoin 999 банк bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin bitrix
bitcoin donate tether курс electrum bitcoin майнинга bitcoin bitcoin metatrader cryptocurrency mining blocks bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin ethereum ubuntu bitcoin trust
bitrix bitcoin bitcoin airbit bitcoin коллектор mine monero token ethereum
monero майнить wallet tether
bitcoin blue создать bitcoin
bitcoin заработок 50 bitcoin ethereum geth github ethereum koshelek bitcoin bitcoin click bitcoin base bitcoin таблица bitcoin bounty testnet ethereum bitcoin комиссия bitcoin блок ssl bitcoin bitcoin 4pda bitcoin продажа tabtrader bitcoin The corporation was the most efficient way to mass produce and distribute consumer goods: it tied together supply chains, production facilities, and distribution networks under centralized management. This increased efficiencies and productivity, lowered marginal costs, and made goods and services cheaper for consumers.bitcoin вложить bitcoin statistics bitcoin sha256 ethereum claymore bitcoin алматы doge bitcoin bitcoin java bitcoin local bitcoin mining hack bitcoin bitcoin скачать rise cryptocurrency bitcoin s крах bitcoin bitcoin otc bitcoin capitalization tether майнить torrent bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin работа bitcoin pdf bitcoin pow ethereum часы bitcoin эмиссия ethereum ethereum news ico ethereum bitcoin 2017 bitcoin доходность secp256k1 ethereum explorer ethereum майнинг monero bitcoin site bitcoin конвертер bitcoin описание monero minergate сатоши bitcoin ethereum видеокарты
bitcoin прогнозы ethereum динамика bitcoin banking эмиссия ethereum
добыча bitcoin In 2016, a decentralized autonomous organization called The DAO, a set of smart contracts developed on the platform, raised a record US$150 million in a crowdsale to fund the project. The DAO was exploited in June 2016 when US$50 million of DAO tokens were stolen by an unknown hacker. The event sparked a debate in the crypto-community about whether Ethereum should perform a contentious 'hard fork' to reappropriate the affected funds. It resulted in the network splitting into two blockchains: Ethereum with the theft reversed and Ethereum Classic which continued on the original chain. The hard fork created a rivalry between the two networks. After the hard fork, Ethereum subsequently forked twice in the fourth quarter of 2016 to deal with other attacks.air bitcoin
сети bitcoin view bitcoin
Financial derivatives and Stable-Value Currenciesbitcoin калькулятор bag bitcoin ставки bitcoin ethereum bitcoin ethereum dark hit bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin обмен tether bitcoin займ
bitcoin cap bitcoin курс bitcoin linux bitcoin miner zebra bitcoin ethereum stratum ethereum игра удвоитель bitcoin email bitcoin ethereum pow 1080 ethereum bitcoin шахты monero fork
bitcoin vizit bitcoin china статистика ethereum secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin cudaminer bitcoin weekend bitcoin download redex bitcoin mempool bitcoin bitcoin математика bitcoin video ethereum coin topfan bitcoin bitcoin payoneer bitcoin moneybox котировка bitcoin мониторинг bitcoin ethereum transactions transactions bitcoin bitcoin pattern
4 bitcoin добыча monero cpa bitcoin monero пример bitcoin tracker bitcoin time bitcoin bitcoin friday auction bitcoin 16 bitcoin Ledger Wallet Reviewethereum курсы
bitcoin future bitcoin валюта bitcoin зарабатывать all cryptocurrency decred cryptocurrency spots cryptocurrency автомат bitcoin telegram bitcoin
clame bitcoin bitcoin multiplier bitcoin crane фарминг bitcoin ставки bitcoin bitcoin friday moneybox bitcoin киа bitcoin bitcoin описание bitcoin sell bitcoin download bitcoin машины ethereum калькулятор bitcoin amazon
бесплатно ethereum bitcoin ukraine bitcoin antminer rates bitcoin bitcoin euro bitcoin com ethereum цена bitcoin rt bitcoin mmm bitcoin таблица forum ethereum dark bitcoin bitcoin exchanges bitcoin матрица bitcoin traffic up bitcoin
bitcoin казахстан bitcoin транзакции
курсы bitcoin обменники bitcoin bitcoin доходность bitcoin analytics bitcoin аналоги the ethereum bitcoin valet car bitcoin 